每周一词第229期 —— 中德建交50周年

50th Anniversary of Diplomatic Relations between China and Germany

【背景资料】

今年是中德建交50周年。中德建交以来，双边关系取得长足发展，各领域交流合作不断深化拓展。德国新政府成立以来，两国领导人保持紧密战略沟通，为中德关系发展领航定向。

经贸合作被誉为中德关系的“压舱石”。德国是新中国成立以来最早在华开办合资企业、最早对华开展科技合作的西方发达国家之一。中国改革开放后第一位“洋厂长”就是德国人。如今，两国之间一天的贸易额就是建交之初全年的2.4倍，德国不仅是中国在欧洲最重要的贸易伙伴，中国也已连续六年成为德国最大的贸易伙伴。中德间建有包括政府磋商在内的70多个对话机制，103对友好省州（市）关系，覆盖战略、财金、人文、科教、卫生等各领域的广泛交流交往赋予两国关系更多活力和创造力。中国150余所高校开设德语专业，德国有超过3万人学习中文，5万多名中国学生学者构成德国最大海外留学生群体。站在新的历史起点上，应继续发挥好中德关系稳定性、建设性、引领性作用，这不仅有利于两国人民，也将为世界和平安宁作出重要贡献。

10月11日, 国家主席习近平在同德国总统施泰因迈尔互致贺电，庆祝两国建交50周年。11月4日，应国务院总理李克强邀请，德国联邦总理朔尔茨对中国进行正式访问。这是新冠肺炎疫情发生以来欧洲国家领导人首次访华，也是朔尔茨总理就任以来首访中国。朔尔茨此访释放哪些信号，能否为中德乃至中欧关系深入发展注入积极因素，备受各方关注。

【重要讲话】

国家主席习近平11月4日上午在人民大会堂会见来华正式访问的德国总理朔尔茨。

BEIJING, Nov. 4 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Xi Jinping met with German Chancellor Olaf Scholz on his official visit to China at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing on Friday.

习近平指出，你是中共二十大召开后首位来访的欧洲领导人，这也是你就任以来首次访华。相信访问将增进双方了解和互信，深化各领域务实合作，为下阶段中德关系发展做好谋划。

Xi noted that Scholz is the first European leader to visit China after the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, and that it is his first visit to China as the Federal Chancellor. The visit will further enhance the mutual understanding and trust between the two sides and deepen cooperation in various fields, and gives the two sides an opportunity to plan for the growth of bilateral ties going forward, Xi said.

习近平强调，中德关系发展到今天的高水平，离不开中德几代领导人的高瞻远瞩和政治魄力。今年恰逢中德建交50周年。50载历程表明，只要秉持相互尊重、求同存异、交流互鉴、合作共赢原则，两国关系的大方向就不会偏，步子也会走得很稳。当前，国际形势复杂多变，中德作为有影响力的大国，在变局、乱局中更应该携手合作，为世界和平与发展作出更多贡献。中方愿同德方共同努力，构建面向未来的全方位战略伙伴关系，推动中德、中欧关系取得新的发展。

Xi stressed that China-Germany relations could not have reached today's level without the extraordinary vision and political courage of generations of Chinese and German leaders, mentioning this year marks the 50th anniversary of China-Germany diplomatic relations.

The five-decade journey shows that as long as the two sides follow the principles of respecting each other, seeking common ground while reserving differences, maintaining exchanges and mutual learning, and pursuing mutually beneficial cooperation, bilateral ties will keep going in the right direction on the whole and making steady progress, he said.

Noting the complex and fluid international landscape, Xi underscored the need for China and Germany, two major countries with great influence, to work together in times of change and instability and contribute more to world peace and development. China will work with Germany for a future-oriented all-round strategic partnership and for new progress in China-Germany and China-Europe relations.

习近平介绍了中共二十大主要情况，重点阐述了中国式现代化的实质意义。习近平指出，现代化是各国人民的共同期待和目标，但每个国家都应结合自身实际作出路径选择。中国式现代化既有各国现代化的共同特征，更有基于自己国情的中国特色，这是中国独特的客观条件决定的，是中国社会制度和治国理政的理念决定的，也是中国在实现现代化长期实践中得到的规律性认识决定的。中国始终以自身发展维护和促进世界和平，中国发展同世界发展相互交融、相互成就。中国将坚定不移推进高水平对外开放，坚持经济全球化正确方向，继续推动建设开放型世界经济，扩大同各国利益的汇合点。

Xi briefed Scholz on the 20th CPC National Congress, with a particular focus on the essence of Chinese modernization. He pointed out that modernization is an aspiration and goal shared by people in all countries. That said, countries should choose their paths to modernization in light of their own national realities.

Xi said Chinese modernization has elements that are common to the modernization processes of all countries, but it is more characterized by features unique to the Chinese context, because of China's unique national conditions, because of China's social system and governance philosophy, and because of understanding gained through decades of endeavors toward modernization.

The president said China has been upholding and promoting world peace through its own development. In this process, the development of China and that of other countries have become more interconnected and mutually reinforcing. China will stay committed to advancing high-standard opening up, keep to the right direction in economic globalization, promote an open world economy, and expand converging interests with other countries.

习近平强调，政治互信破坏很容易，重建却很难，需要双方共同呵护。我很欣赏德国前总理施密特的一个观点，“政治家应当以宁静接受那些不能改变的，以勇气改变那些能改变的，用智慧分清其中的区别”。中德应该相互尊重，照顾彼此核心利益，坚持对话协商，共同抵制阵营对抗、泛意识形态化等因素干扰。双方要始终从战略高度把握两国关系大方向，以建设性态度追求最大公约数，以开放心态促进务实合作，既不自我设限，也不好高骛远，为两国关系长期稳定发展创造条件。中国对德政策保持高度稳定性连贯性，希望德方也奉行积极对华政策，实现两国互利共赢。

Xi stressed that political trust is easy to destroy but difficult to rebuild and that it should be nurtured and protected by both sides. He cited a quote which former German Chancellor Helmut Schmidt used and which he appreciated, that political leaders should have the serenity to accept the things they cannot change, the courage to change the things they can change, and the wisdom to distinguish between the two.

"It is important that China and Germany respect each other, accommodate each other's core interests, adhere to dialogue and consultation, and jointly resist disturbance from bloc confrontation and attempts to see everything through the prism of ideology," Xi said.

He called on both sides to keep to the overall direction of bilateral ties from a strategic height, pursue the biggest common ground in a constructive manner, and advance practical cooperation with an open mind to create conditions for long-term and steady growth of bilateral ties.

"There should be no self-imposed restrictions or unrealistic expectations," Xi said.

Noting the high degree of stability and consistency in China's policy toward Germany, he called on Germany to follow a positive China policy for the mutual benefits of both countries.

习近平指出，过去50年，中德务实合作持续深化，双边贸易规模增长近千倍，服务了两国经济社会发展。双方要继续做大共同利益的“蛋糕”，在拓展传统领域合作潜力的同时，激活新能源、人工智能、数字化等新领域合作活力。中方愿同德方、欧方继续深化航空合作，并就新冠肺炎防治开展交流合作，围绕绿色发展、生态环保等课题加强交流互鉴，推动人文交流。希望德方同中方一道抵制保护主义，让两国合作成果更好惠及两国民众。

Xi pointed out that over the past five decades, bilateral practical cooperation has kept deepening, with two-way trade growing by almost 1,000 times, serving economic and social development in both countries.

"The two sides should make the pie of common interests still bigger," he said, adding that while exploring more cooperation potential in traditional areas, efforts should be made to energize cooperation in emerging fields such as new energy, artificial intelligence and digitalization.

China will work with Germany and Europe to further deepen aviation cooperation, conduct exchanges and cooperation on COVID-19, increase interactions and mutual learning on green development and ecological conservation, and encourage more people-to-people exchanges, he said, calling on Germany to join China in resisting protectionism so that the fruitful bilateral cooperation can deliver more benefits to the two peoples.

习近平指出，中欧关系关乎全球格局稳定和亚欧大陆繁荣，值得双方努力维护好、发展好。中方始终视欧洲为全面战略伙伴，支持欧盟战略自主，希望欧洲稳定繁荣，坚持中欧关系不针对、不依附、也不受制于第三方。形势越是复杂困难，中欧就越要坚持相互尊重、互利共赢、对话合作。中方愿同德方、欧方加强在国际事务中的协调合作，围绕应对气候变化、保护生物多样性、促进粮食安全等全球性问题共同寻找解决方案。

Xi pointed out that China-Europe relations bear on global stability and prosperity in Eurasia and should be maintained and developed with efforts from both sides.

Xi said China always regards Europe as a comprehensive strategic partner, supports the strategic autonomy of the European Union and wishes Europe stability and prosperity. China maintains that its relations with Europe are not targeted at, dependent on, or subjected to a third party.

The more complex and difficult the situation becomes, the more important it is for China and Europe to uphold mutual respect, mutual benefit, dialogue and cooperation, Xi said. "China will work with Germany and with Europe to step up coordination and cooperation in international affairs and jointly look for solutions for such global issues as climate change, biodiversity and food security."

朔尔茨表示，今年恰逢德中建交50周年，我很高兴应邀访华，同你就德中关系和共同关心的重要问题进行深入沟通。感谢你介绍了中国的发展前景。当前国际形势复杂严峻，欧洲大陆也面临前所未有的新挑战，中方在应对气候变化、保护生物多样性、抗击新冠肺炎疫情、应对粮食危机等很多全球性问题上发挥着重要作用，德方希望同中方保持沟通协调，更好维护地区和世界的和平与安全。中国是德国和欧洲的重要经贸伙伴，德方坚定支持贸易自由化，支持经济全球化，反对“脱钩”，愿同中方继续深化经贸合作，支持两国企业相互赴对方开展投资合作。德方也愿同中方就双方立场不一致的问题交换意见，增进了解和互信，努力稳定、巩固和发展德中关系。世界需要一个多极化的格局，新兴国家的作用和影响值得重视，德方反对搞阵营对抗，政治家有必要为此负起责任。德方愿为推动欧中关系发展发挥应有作用。

Scholz expressed his pleasure to visit China in a year that marks the 50th anniversary of Germany-China diplomatic relations and have an in-depth discussion with Xi on Germany-China relations and on important issues of mutual interest. He thanked Xi for the update on China's development outlook.

He observed that in a complex and grave international landscape, Europe also faces unprecedented challenges. China is playing an important role on many global issues like climate change, biodiversity, COVID-19 response and food crisis. Germany wants to maintain communication and coordination with China to better safeguard regional and global peace and security.

Scholz said China is an important trading partner for Germany and for Europe as a whole. Germany firmly supports trade liberalization, supports economic globalization, and opposes decoupling. Germany stands ready for closer trade and economic cooperation with China, and supports more mutual investment by Chinese and German businesses.

Scholz said on issues where the two countries' positions diverge, Germany is willing to exchange views with China to increase mutual understanding and trust, and stabilize, cement and grow bilateral ties. A multi-polar world is needed in which the role and influence of emerging countries can be taken seriously. Germany opposes bloc confrontation for which politicians should be responsible. Germany will play its role in furthering Europe-China relations.

两国领导人还就乌克兰危机交换了意见。习近平指出，中方支持德方、欧方为劝和促谈发挥重要作用，推动构建均衡、有效、可持续的欧洲安全框架。当前形势下，国际社会应该共同支持一切致力于和平解决乌克兰危机的努力，呼吁有关各方保持理性和克制，尽快开展直接接触，为重启谈判创造条件；共同反对使用或威胁使用核武器，倡导核武器用不得、核战争打不得，防止亚欧大陆出现核危机；共同努力确保全球产业链供应链稳定，防止国际能源、粮食、金融等合作受到干扰，损害全球经济复苏特别是发展中国家经济财政稳定；共同为危机地区的平民过冬纾困，改善人道主义状况，防止出现更大规模人道主义危机。

The two leaders also exchanged views on the Ukraine crisis. Xi reaffirmed China's support for Germany and Europe to play an important role in facilitating peace talks and to build a balanced, effective and sustainable security architecture in Europe. Under the current circumstances, the international community should support all efforts conducive to the peaceful settlement of the Ukraine crisis and call on relevant parties to remain rational and exercise restraint, start direct engagement as quickly as possible, and create conditions for the resumption of talks; oppose the use of or the threat to use nuclear weapons, advocate that nuclear weapons cannot be used and that nuclear wars must not be fought, and prevent a nuclear crisis in Eurasia; work together to keep global industrial and supply chains stable and forestall disruption to international cooperation in energy, food, finance and other areas and consequent damage to global economic recovery, especially the economic and fiscal stability of developing countries; and make joint efforts to tide civilians in areas affected by the crisis through the winter, and improve the humanitarian situation to avoid a humanitarian crisis on a bigger scale.

会见结束后，习近平在人民大会堂金色大厅为朔尔茨举行了宴会。

After the meeting, Xi held a banquet for Scholz at the Golden Hall of the Great Hall of the People.

—— 11月4日，习近平会见来华正式访问的德国总理朔尔茨

过去50年来，中德秉持相互尊重、互利共赢的精神，持续推进两国关系，努力为世界和平与发展作出积极贡献，谱写了携手同行、相互成就的篇章。

Over the past 50 years, China and Germany have adhered to the spirit of mutual respect and mutual benefit and win-win results, continuously promoted bilateral relations, made positive contributions to global peace and development, and written a chapter of walking hand in hand and helping each other succeed.

—— 10月11日，习近平同德国总统施泰因迈尔互致贺电庆祝两国建交50周年

【拓展阅读】

Darum geht es bei meiner Reise nach China

 (访华前夕朔尔茨在《法兰克福汇报》发表题为《有关我这次中国行》的署名文章)

https://www.bundesregierung.de/breg-de/suche/kanzler-gastbeitrag-faz-china-2139416

Scholz visit a turning point in EU-China ties

https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202211/02/WS6361df85a310fd2b29e7fdeb.html

Scholz visit to strengthen mutual trust

https://epaper.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202211/04/WS63643dada3109375516f060e.html

撰稿：宋怡娇

来源：新华网、中国日报