每周一词第177期 – 第七次全国人口普查
The Seventh National Population Census
【背景资料】
5月11日，国务院新闻办公室在北京举行新闻发布会，请国务院第七次全国人口普查领导小组副组长、国家统计局局长宁吉喆，国务院第七次全国人口普查领导小组办公室主任、国家统计局副局长李晓超，国务院第七次全国人口普查领导小组办公室副主任、国家统计局总统计师曾玉平，国务院第七次全国人口普查领导小组办公室副主任、国家统计局人口和就业统计司司长张毅介绍第七次全国人口普查主要数据结果，并答记者问。
【发布会节选】
[国务院第七次全国人口普查领导小组副组长、国家统计局局长 宁吉喆]在党中央坚强领导下，按照国务院第七次全国人口普查领导小组统一部署，各地区各有关部门精心组织、协同推进，全体普查人员艰苦努力、无私奉献，亿万普查对象共同参与、积极配合，第七次全国人口普查顺利完成了普查现场登记和主要数据汇总工作。今天，举办新闻发布会，向大家通报相关情况和主要数据。
Mr. Ning Jizhe, Deputy Head of the Leading Group of the State Council for the Seventh National Population Census, Commissioner of the National Bureau of Statistics of China:
Under the strong leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, according to the coordinated decisions and arrangements made by the Leading Group of the State Council for the Seventh National Population Census, with the meticulous organization and cooperative advancement of all regions and relevant government departments, concerted efforts and dedications of all the census staff as well as the joint and active participation of hundreds of millions of census respondents, the Seventh National Population Census has completed the field enumeration and the aggregation of the main data successfully. Today, a press conference is held to brief you a basic introduction and main data of the Census.
一、普查工作基本情况
I. Basic Introduction
根据统计法和《全国人口普查条例》，我国以2020年11月1日零时为标准时点开展了第七次全国人口普查（以下简称七人普），主要目的是全面查清我国人口数量、结构、分布等方面情况，为完善我国人口发展战略和政策体系、制定经济社会发展规划、推动高质量发展提供准确统计信息支持。
In accordance with the Statistics Law of the People's Republic of China and the Regulations on National Population Census, China carried out its Seventh National Population Census (hereinafter referred to as the Census) with 00:00 hours of November 1, 2020 as the reference time, aiming to offer a comprehensive understanding of the number, structure, distribution and other aspects of China’s population so as to provide accurate statistical information support for the improvement of China's population development strategy and policy, the formulation of economic and social development plans and the advancement of high quality economic development.
党中央、国务院高度重视七人普工作。习近平总书记参加人口普查现场登记并发表重要讲话。国务院成立七人普领导小组，多次召开全体会议和电视电话会议，研究部署普查有关工作。领导小组各成员单位、地方各级政府精心组织实施、通力协作配合，全国省、市、县、乡、村级共组建67.9万个普查机构，选聘700多万名普查人员。各级人口普查机构和广大普查人员积极克服新冠肺炎疫情影响，对全国所有家庭和人口进行了全面普查，圆满完成普查入户登记任务。
The CPC Central Committee and the State Council attached great importance to the Census. General Secretary Xi Jinping participated in the on-site registration of the census and delivered an important speech. The State Council established the Leading Group for the Census and held many plenary sessions and teleconferences to make relevant census arrangements. All member agencies of the Leading Group and local governments at all levels meticulously organized and implemented the census in concerted efforts, with 679 thousand census agencies set up at provincial, municipal, county, township and village levels across China and more than seven million census staff recruited. Census agencies at all levels and all census staff made active efforts to overcome the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and successfully completed the field enumeration of all households and residents.
七人普全面采用电子化数据采集方式，实时直接上报数据，首次实现普查对象通过扫描二维码进行自主填报，强化部门行政记录和电力、手机等大数据应用，提高了普查工作质量和效率。七人普邀请钟南山、姚明担任宣传大使，“大国点名、没你不行”等宣传口号深入人心，加大了宣传力度。七人普坚持依法进行，认真落实普查方案的各项要求，实行严格的质量控制制度，建立健全普查数据追溯和问责机制，在31个省（自治区、直辖市）中随机抽取141个县的3.2万户进行了事后质量抽查，结果显示，七人普漏登率为0.05%，普查过程严谨规范，普查结果真实可靠。
In the Census, data can be reported directly in real time by fully adopting digital data collection, respondents were enabled to fill in and submit questionnaires by scanning the QR code themselves for the first time, and the application of administrative records and big data from electricity meters and mobile phones was strengthened. As a result, the quality and efficiency of the census were improved. The Census intensified publicity by inviting Zhong Nanshan and Yao Ming as publicity ambassadors and its slogan “Population Census, Everyone Counts” resonated powerfully with people. The Census was conducted in accordance with the law and all the requirements in the census program were carefully implemented. With a strict quality control system, the Census established and improved the census data tracing and accountability mechanism. The post enumeration survey conducted in 32 thousand households of 141 counties randomly selected from 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) showed that the census process was rigorous and standard and the census results were reliable with an undercount rate of 0.05 percent.
二、普查主要数据
II. Main Data of the Census
（一）人口总量。全国人口[注：全国人口是指我国大陆31个省、自治区、直辖市和现役军人的人口，不包括居住在31个省、自治区、直辖市的港澳台居民和外籍人员。]共141178万人，与2010年（第六次全国人口普查数据，下同）的133972万人相比，增加7206万人，增长5.38%，年平均增长率为0.53%，比2000年到2010年的年平均增长率0.57%下降0.04个百分点。数据表明，我国人口10年来继续保持低速增长态势。
1. National Population. The national population [1] was 1,411.78 million persons, increased by 72.06 million persons compared with the population of 1,339.72 million persons in 2010 (data of the Sixth National Population Census), up by 5.38 percent. The average annual growth rate was 0.53 percent, down by 0.04 percentage point compared with the average annual growth rate of 0.57 percent from 2000 to 2010. The data showed that the population of China maintained a mild growth momentum in the past decade.
（二）户别人口。全国共有家庭户49416万户，家庭户人口为129281万人；集体户2853万户，集体户人口为11897万人。平均每个家庭户的人口为2.62人，比2010年的3.10人减少0.48人。家庭户规模继续缩小，主要是受我国人口流动日趋频繁和住房条件改善年轻人婚后独立居住等因素的影响。
2. Population by Household Types. In the country, there were 494.16 million family households with 1,292.81 million persons and 28.53 million collective households with 118.97 million persons. The average size of a family household was 2.62 persons, or 0.48 person less than the 3.10 persons in 2010. The family households continued to downsize because of increasing population mobility and the fact that young people after marriage lived separately from parents with improved housing conditions.
（三）人口地区分布。东部地区人口占39.93%，中部地区占25.83%，西部地区占27.12%，东北地区占6.98%。与2010年相比，东部地区人口所占比重上升2.15个百分点，中部地区下降0.79个百分点，西部地区上升0.22个百分点，东北地区下降1.20个百分点。人口向经济发达区域、城市群进一步集聚。
3. Population by Regions. The population in the eastern region accounted for 39.93 percent of the total, that in the central areas accounted for 25.83 percent, that in the western region accounted for 27.12 percent and that in the northeast China accounted for 6.98 percent. Compared with data in 2010, the proportion of the population in the eastern region increased by 2.15 percentage points, that in the central areas decreased by 0.79 percentage point, that in the western region increased by 0.22 percentage point, and that in the northeast China decreased by 1.20 percentage points. The population further congregated in economically developed regions and city clusters.
（四）性别构成。男性人口为72334万人，占51.24%；女性人口为68844万人，占48.76%。总人口性别比（以女性为100，男性对女性的比例）为105.07，与2010年基本持平，略有降低。出生人口性别比为111.3，较2010年下降6.8。我国人口的性别结构持续改善。
4. Sex Composition. Of the national population, 723.34 million persons or 51.24 percent were males while 688.44 million persons or 48.76 percent were females. The sex ratio (female=100, male to female) was 105.07, basically the same level with a slight decline compared with that in 2010. The sex ratio at birth was 111.3, down by 6.8 compared with that in 2010. The sex composition of China continued to improve.
（五）年龄构成。0—14岁人口为25338万人，占17.95%；15—59岁人口为89438万人，占63.35%；60岁及以上人口为26402万人，占18.70%（其中，65岁及以上人口为19064万人，占13.50%）。与2010年相比，0—14岁、15—59岁、60岁及以上人口的比重分别上升1.35个百分点、下降6.79个百分点、上升5.44个百分点。我国少儿人口比重回升，生育政策调整取得了积极成效。同时，人口老龄化程度进一步加深，未来一段时期将持续面临人口长期均衡发展的压力。
5. Age Composition. There were 253.38 million persons in the age group of 0 to 14, accounting for 17.95 percent; 894.38 million persons in the age group of 15 to 59, accounting for 63.35 percent; and 264.02 million persons in the age group of 60 and over, accounting for 18.70 percent (specifically, there were 190.64 million persons in the age group of 65 and over, accounting for 13.50 percent). Compared with 2010, the shares of people in the age groups of 0 to 14, 15 to 59, and 60 and above were up by 1.35 percentage points, down by 6.79 percentage points, and up by 5.44 percentage points respectively. The share of children rose again, proving that the adjustment of China’s fertility policy has achieved positive results. Meanwhile, the further aging of the population imposed continued pressure on the long-term balanced development of the population in the coming period.
（六）受教育程度人口。具有大学文化程度的人口为21836万人。与2010年相比，每10万人中具有大学文化程度的由8930人上升为15467人，15岁及以上人口的平均受教育年限由9.08年提高至9.91年，文盲率由4.08%下降为2.67%。受教育状况的持续改善反映了10年来我国大力发展高等教育以及扫除青壮年文盲等措施取得了积极成效，人口素质不断提高。
6. Educational Attainment. There were 218.36 million persons with university education. Compared with 2010, the number of people with university education went up from 8,930 persons to 15,467 persons per 100,000 persons, the average years of schooling for people aged 15 and above increased from 9.08 years to 9.91 years, and the illiteracy rate dropped from 4.08 percent to 2.67 percent. The continued improvement of the educational attainment demonstrated the achievements in promoting higher education, eradicating illiteracy among young and middle-aged adults and raising the population quality through hard efforts over the past ten years.
（七）城乡人口。居住在城镇的人口为90199万人，占63.89%；居住在乡村的人口为50979万人，占36.11%。与2010年相比，城镇人口增加23642万人，乡村人口减少16436万人，城镇人口比重上升14.21个百分点。随着我国新型工业化、信息化和农业现代化的深入发展和农业转移人口市民化政策落实落地，10年来我国新型城镇化进程稳步推进，城镇化建设取得了历史性成就。
7. Urban and Rural Population. There were 901.99 million persons living in urban areas, accounting for 63.89 percent; 509.79 million persons living in rural areas, accounting for 36.11 percent. Compared with 2010, the urban population increased by 236.42 million and the rural population decreased by 164.36 million. The share of urban population went up by 14.21 percentage points. With the in-depth development of China’s new industrialization, informatization and agricultural modernization, and the implementation of the policy to help people who have relocated from rural to urban areas to gain permanent urban residency, China’s new urbanization has been advanced steadily and the urbanization construction has scored historical achievements over the past ten years.
（八）流动人口。人户分离人口为49276万人，其中，市辖区内人户分离人口为11694万人，流动人口为37582万人，其中，跨省流动人口为12484万人。与2010年相比，人户分离人口增长88.52%，市辖区内人户分离人口增长192.66%，流动人口增长69.73%。我国经济社会持续发展，为人口的迁移流动创造了条件，人口流动趋势更加明显，流动人口规模进一步扩大。
8. Floating Population. The number of population who lived in places other than their household registration areas reached 492.76 million. Specifically, the population who lived in places other than their household registration but still in the same city totaled 116.94 million and the floating population numbered 375.82 million. Of the floating population, the population moving to other provinces reached 124.84 million. Compared with 2010, the population who lived in places other than their household registration areas went up by 88.52 percent, the population who lived in places other than their household registration but still in the same city up by 192.66 percent, and the floating population up by 69.73 percent. China’s continued economic and social development has facilitated the population migration and mobility, the trends of which have become increasingly evident, and the size of floating population has further grown.
（九）民族人口。汉族人口为128631万人，占91.11%；各少数民族人口为12547万人，占8.89%。与2010年相比，汉族人口增长4.93%，各少数民族人口增长10.26%，少数民族人口比重上升0.40个百分点。民族人口稳步增长，充分体现了在中国共产党领导下，我国各民族全面发展进步的面貌。
9. Population of Ethnic Groups. The population of the Han ethnic group was 1,286.31 million, accounting for 91.11 percent; that of the ethnic minorities was 125.47 million, accounting for 8.89 percent. Compared with 2010, the population of the Han ethnic group grew by 4.93 percent, while that of the ethnic minorities increased by 10.26 percent, and the share of the ethnic minorities increased by 0.40 percentage points. The steady increase of the population of the ethnic groups fully reflected the comprehensive development and progress of all ethnic groups under the leadership of the Communist Party of China.
人口问题始终是我国面临的全局性、长期性、战略性问题，七人普全面查清了我国人口数量、结构、分布等方面情况，准确反映了当前人口变化的趋势性特征，获得了大量宝贵的信息资源，我们正在抓紧对普查数据进行整理、分析和开发，后续会采取更多方式公布和共享普查成果，配合相关部门加强人口发展的前瞻性、战略性研究，最大程度发挥普查的作用，为推动高质量发展、有针对性地制定人口相关战略和政策、促进人口长期均衡发展提供强有力的统计信息支持。
The population issue has always been an issue of overall, long-term and strategic importance in China. The Seventh National Population Census has offered a good understanding of the size, structure and distribution of China's population, mapped accurately the trends of the demographic changes, and provided abundant and valuable information. We are working hard to compile, analyze and develop the census data, and will follow up with more ways to publish and share the census results. We will collaborate with relevant departments to strengthen the forward-looking and strategic study on population development. All these efforts will make full use of the census and provide strong statistical information support to advance high-quality development, formulate targeted strategies and policies on population, and facilitate the long-term balanced population development.
借此机会，我代表国务院七人普领导小组办公室和国家统计局，向奋战在普查工作一线的各级人口普查机构和广大普查工作者表示衷心感谢！正是700多万普查人员不辞辛苦、勇于担当、迎难而上、主动作为，有效克服了新冠肺炎疫情影响，如期完成了普查现场登记，切实做到了区不漏房、房不漏户、户不漏人、人不错项，使七人普的成果经得起历史和人民的检验。向积极参与、配合、支持普查工作的社会各界和广大普查对象表示衷心感谢！正是14亿人民以“大国点名、没你不行”的主人翁精神，认真履行普查义务，如实提供普查信息，构筑了七人普这一庞大工程的坚固基石。向参与普查宣传的所有新闻媒体的朋友们表示衷心感谢！正是通过各位的全方位宣传，使广大普查人员得到鼓舞和激励、增强了信心和动力，让全体普查对象了解和理解人口普查、支持和配合普查工作，七人普顺利开展和取得成功离不开你们的悉心投入和辛勤劳作。谢谢大家！
On behalf of the Office of the Leading Group of the State Council for the Seventh National Population Census and the National Bureau of Statistics of China, I would like to take this opportunity to express sincere gratitude to the census agencies at all levels and census staff who fought on the front lines. Over seven million census staff worked hard and rose to challenges with a strong sense of responsibility and initiative despite the impact of the COVID-19. They have completed the field enumeration on time and covered all houses, households, respondents and items in each enumeration area. It is because of their work that the results of the Seventh National Population Census can stand the test of history and people. I would also like to extend my heartfelt gratitude to all sectors of society and respondents who participated in and supported the census with a spirit of cooperation. Thanks to the 1.4 billion people who performed their census duties and provided authentic information with the ownership spirit of “Population Census, Everyone Counts”, the strong cornerstone of the Seventh National Population Census of such a scale was formed. I would also like to extend our sincere gratitude to all friends from the news media involved in census promotion. Your all-round publicity inspired and encouraged the census staff with their confidence and motivation boosted, helped the respondents to know, understand and thus render support and cooperation to the population census. Without your dedication and diligence, the Seventh National Population Census would not have been so successful. Thank you again!
（英文来源：译.世界/ China Daily）
【拓展词汇及表述】
population census人口普查
“Population Census, Everyone Counts” “大国点名、没你不行”
data tracing and accountability mechanism数据追溯和问责机制
undercount rate漏登率
publicity ambassador宣传大使
maintain a mild growth momentum 保持低速增长态势
Population by Household Types 户别人口
Sex/ Age Composition 性别/年龄构成
adjustment of fertility policy生育政策调整
education attainment受教育程度人口
eradicate illiteracy among young and middle-aged adults扫除青壮年文盲
Urban and Rural Population 城乡人口
floating population流动人口