Current position: HomePage > Word of the Week

Word of the Week

National Conference on Poverty Elimination Accomplishments

Published in: 2021-03-08    Click on the quantity:

每周一词第167期-《全国脱贫攻坚总结表彰大会》

相关词汇及多样化表述

【背景资料】

全国脱贫攻坚总结表彰大会25日上午在北京人民大会堂隆重举行。中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席习近平向全国脱贫攻坚楷模荣誉称号获得者等颁奖并发表重要讲话。习近平强调,经过全党全国各族人民共同努力,在迎来中国共产党成立一百周年的重要时刻,我国脱贫攻坚战取得了全面胜利,现行标准下9899万农村贫困人口全部脱贫,832个贫困县全部摘帽,12.8万个贫困村全部出列,区域性整体贫困得到解决,完成了消除绝对贫困的艰巨任务,创造了又一个彪炳史册的人间奇迹。

2020年是我国现行标准下农村人口脱贫、贫困县摘帽、解决区域性整体贫困的收官之年, 以下为2020年年底CGTN的报道

China has eliminated absolute poverty one month before its self-imposed deadline after the last nine impoverished counties in the southwestern province of Guizhou were removed from the poverty list on Monday.

1123日,贵州省最后9个县退出贫困县序列,标志着中国提前一个月实现消除绝对贫困的目标。

Since last week, authorities in the last provinces and autonomous regions with poverty-stricken counties have successively declared their localities absolute poverty-free following extensive inspections. They include Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Yunnan Province, Sichuan Province and Gansu Province.

上周起,在通过全面验收后,最后一批有贫困县的省份和自治区宣布当地成功脱贫,其中包括新疆维吾尔自治区、宁夏回族自治区、广西壮族自治区、云南省、四川省和甘肃省。

Guizhou was the final provincial-level area to declare victory over absolute poverty.

贵州是最后一个宣布赢得脱贫攻坚战的省级地区。

China has set the goal of eliminating extreme poverty by the end of 2020.

中国计划于2020年底前消除极端贫困。

脱贫的意思是摆脱贫困。20151127日至28日,中央扶贫开发工作会议在北京召开。1129日,《中共中央 国务院关于打赢脱贫攻坚战的决定》发布。

 

【拓展词汇及表述】

在本次全国脱贫攻坚总结表彰大会期间,“脱贫”、扶贫减贫等表述在各类政府领导发言及对外宣发稿件中频频出现,未来各类场合对话中也有很大几率涉及到,因此在日常翻译和转述中应注意视语境采用适宜的词汇和表述,让句型更加多样化,更加自然流畅。常见的官方译法主要有以下几种:

据牛津词典的释义,eliminate的词义是to remove or get rid of sth/sb,即排除、清除、消除。因此,官方常用poverty elimination来表达“脱贫”或“消除贫困”。例如在外文局发布的《中国关键词:精准脱贫篇》中关于“脱贫”有如下描述:要通过改变生存环境、提高生活水平、提高生产能力实现脱贫,还要有巩固脱贫的后续计划、措施、保障。

Efforts should be made to improve local living environment, raise the local living standard, and enhance people’s ability to work, and follow-up plans and measures are also needed to sustain the results of poverty elimination.

对于“脱贫”一词,官方也采用过“poverty alleviation”的译法。Alleviate意为to make sth less severe,表示减轻、缓和、缓解。在2019年的政府工作报告中就采用了“poverty alleviation”的译法:“报告提出,加大精准脱贫力度。今年再减少农村贫困人口1000万以上,完成易地扶贫搬迁280万人。”

We will step up targeted poverty alleviation. This year, we will further reduce the poor rural population by over 10 million, including 2.8 million people who are to be relocated from inhospitable areas.

lift的意思是to raise sb/sth or be raised to a higher position or level,这一译法比较形象,lift out of poverty的字面意思是“从贫穷状态中被举起”,即“脱离贫困”的意思。例如外文局发布的《中国关键词:精准脱贫篇》中提到:“从脱贫攻坚任务看,20182020年,还有3000万左右农村贫困人口需要脱贫。”

According to China’s timetable for poverty elimination, about 30 million impoverished people are to be lifted out of poverty from 2018 to 2020.

在关于“脱贫”的表述中,“脱贫摘帽”也是个常见词汇,它的常见官方译法为“lift out of poverty”。例如CGTN在关于全国脱贫摘帽的报道中提到:贵州省66个国家级贫困县全部脱贫摘帽。”

All 66 impoverished counties in southwest China's Guizhou Province have been lifted out of poverty.

eradicate的词义是to destroy or get rid of sth completely, especially sth bad根除、消除,poverty eradication意味着从根源上消除贫困。2019年政府工作报告中对“脱贫”有如下描述:“脱贫致富离不开产业支撑,要大力扶持贫困地区发展特色优势产业。”

The eradication of poverty and achievement of prosperity cannot happen without the support of industries.

end作动词是终止、终结的意思,to end poverty即终止贫困。例如外文局发布的《中国关键词:精准脱贫篇》中提到:“引导和支持所有有劳动能力的人立足当地资源,实现就地脱贫,依靠自己的双手开创美好明天。”

All those with the ability to work should be guided and encouraged to work for a better future with their own hands and rely on local resources to end poverty.

 

  • < >另外,在关于“脱贫”的表述中,“脱贫攻坚战”也是较为常见的一个词。官方对于“脱贫攻坚”或“打赢脱贫攻坚战”的译法主要有以下几种:

     

    1. poverty elimination campaign

     

    “脱贫攻坚”有时也直接翻译成“脱贫”,如外文局发布的《中国关键词:精准脱贫篇》中提到:“脱贫攻坚不仅是要使贫困人口如期全部脱贫,还要使贫困地区经济社会发展上一个台阶。”

    The goals of China’s poverty elimination campaign are to lift all disadvantaged people out of poverty as scheduled, and to bring local economic and social development to a higher level.

     

    1. declare victory over poverty/ win the battle against poverty

     

    该表述是宣告胜利的意思,宣告战胜贫困意味着打赢了脱贫攻坚战。如外文局发布的《中国关键词:精准脱贫篇》中提到:“中国的新疆维吾尔自治区和云南省宣告成功消除绝对贫困。”

    China's Xinjiang and Yunnan declare victory over/ win the battle against absolute poverty.

     

    < >扶贫是保障贫困户的合法权益、取消贫困负担、促进生产摆脱贫困的一种社会工作。国务院扶贫开发自1986年开始。
    •  

      1. poverty relief

      relief在牛津词典中的定义是food, money, medicine, etc. that is given to help people in places where has been a war or natural disaster,即救济、援助的释义,poverty relief就有帮扶贫困地区和贫困人口的意思。例如China Daily的报道中提到:“1017日是第六个国家扶贫日,国务院扶贫开发领导小组办公室表示,预计到今年年底,全国95%现行标准的贫困人口将实现脱贫。”

      Ninety-five percent of the country's poor population will escape poverty by the end of the year, China's top poverty relief office said on Friday in the run-up to the sixth National Poverty Relief Day on Oct 17.

       

    • < >减贫,就是减少贫困户,帮助贫困人口解决温饱问题,帮助其改善生产生活条件和享受基本公共服务。减贫一般翻译为poverty reduction。如外文局发布的《中国关键词:精准脱贫篇》中提到:“改革开放40多年来,中国经济社会发展取得巨大成就,几亿贫困人口脱贫,完成这期间全世界超70%的减贫任务。”

       

      Since the launch of reform and opening up in 1978, China has made great economic and social progress. The hundreds of millions of people that China has lifted out of poverty account for over 70 percent of global poverty reduction during the period.

       

      *文字内容编辑整理自译世界、CGTN、《中国关键词:精准脱贫篇》、政府工作报告、牛津词典等。