11月24日4时30分,我国在中国文昌航天发射场,用长征五号遥五运载火箭成功发射探月工程嫦娥五号探测器。
Chang'e 5, comprising an orbiter, a returner, a lander, and an ascender, with a total takeoff mass of 8.2 tonnes, is expected to accomplish unmanned rendezvous and docking in lunar orbit.
“嫦娥五号”探测器起飞重量8.2吨,包括轨道器、返回器、着陆器、上升器四个部分,将在月球轨道实施无人交会对接。
【背景信息】
“嫦娥五号”的英文是Chang'e 5,而我国首个载人飞船“神舟五号”的英文是Shenzhou V。
这是因为,在英文报道中,无人航空飞行器、卫星、火箭等(unmanned space vessels, satellites, rockets)的编号一般用阿拉伯数字,而载人飞行器(manned spacecraft)的编号一般用罗马数字。
【飞天后要进行的一系列复杂操作及具体表述方式】:
►After it enters the lunar orbit, the lander-ascender combination will separate from the orbiter-returner combination.
嫦娥五号进入月球轨道后,着陆器和上升器组合体将与轨道器和返回器组合体分离。
►While the orbiter-returner orbits about 200 km above the lunar surface, the lander-ascender will touch down on the northwest region of Oceanus Procellarum, also known as the Ocean of Storms, on the near side of the moon in early December.
轨道器和返回器组合体在距离月球表面200公里处留轨运行,着陆器承载上升器计划12月初在月球西北面的“风暴洋”区域登陆。
►About 2 kg of samples are expected to be collected and sealed in a container in the spacecraft.
嫦娥五号将在月球收集2公斤样本,并进行密封封装。
►Then the ascender will take off with the sample, and dock with the orbiter-returner in orbit. After the samples are transferred to the returner, the ascender will separate from the orbiter-returner.
之后,上升器带着采集的月球样品起飞上升,与轨返组合体对接。样本转送至返回器后,上升器会与轨返组合体分离。
►The combination of orbiter and returner will then depart the lunar orbit and return to Earth's orbit, where the pair will break up and the returner will conduct a host of complicated maneuvers to return to a preset landing site in North China's Inner Mongolia autonomous region in mid-December.
接下来,轨返组合体将离开月球轨道,返回地球轨道,并在那里实施分离,返回器将进行一系列复杂的操控,于12月中旬在内蒙古自治区的预定地点着陆。
►The entire mission is scheduled to last about 23 days, according to the China National Space Administration.
国家航天局表示,整个任务预计持续约23天。
【嫦娥五号与以往的中国探月任务的不同点】
中国探月工程是我国启动的第一个探月工程,于2004年1月23日正式启动,分为绕、落、回三部曲。
❶“绕(orbiting)”就是发射月球卫星,嫦娥一号和嫦娥二号已经实现。
❷“落(landing)”就是在月球表面软着陆,嫦娥三号已实现在月球的正面软着陆,嫦娥四号也已实现在月球背面软着陆,并在月球背面开展科学探测工作,在全球尚属首次。
❸“回(sample returning)”就是从月球表面采样返回地球,就是本次嫦娥五号执行的任务,计划把2千克的月壤样品带回地球。
嫦娥五号任务的科学目标主要是开展着陆点区域形貌探测和地质背景勘察(investigate the landing site's geological and topographic features),获取与月球样品相关的现场分析数据,建立现场探测数据与实验室分析数据之间的联系;对月球样品进行系统、长期的实验室研究,分析月壤结构、物理特性、物质组成(enable scientists to analyze the lunar samples' structure and physical traits),深化月球成因和演化历史的研究(deepen their research into the moon's origin and evolution)。
【拓展词汇】
- < > lunar exploration program< > the far side of the Moon< > solar radiation< > heavy-lift carrier rocket< > in-orbit test< > period of revolution< > rotation period< > lunar samples/ lunar rocks【参考例句】
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The Chang’e 5 mission, named after the ancient Chinese goddess of the moon, will seek to collect lunar material to help scientists understand more about the moon’s origins and formation. The mission will test China’s ability to remotely acquire samples from space before more complex missions.
以中国古代月宫仙女命名的嫦娥五号将采集回月球样本,让科学家更多地了解月球的来源和形成。这一任务将考验中国地外天体采样返回的能力,从而继续推进更为复杂的太空任务。
此次任务成功的话,中国将成为继美国和前苏联后第三个采回月球样本的国家。
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Although China ventured into space much later than the United States and the former Soviet Union, the country has made huge progress over the past decade, and is now among the elite ranks of space-faring nations.
虽然中国进入太空领域的时间远晚于美国和前苏联,但该国在过去十年成绩斐然,现已跻身航天大国之列。
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In addition to the lunar missions, China’s astronauts have docked in orbit with space stations of the country’s own construction three times. In July, the Tianwen 1 mission set course for Mars, and will try to land on the red planet’s surface next year.
除了探月计划,中国还在低地轨道实现三次与空间站的载人交会对接任务。今年7月,天问一号开启探索火星的征程,将于明年降落在这颗红色星球上。
(英文来源 – 中国日报双语新闻;中文来源 – 中国日报,新华网等)