每周一词第228期—二十大报告节选
Word of the Week-- Report to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China
【背景资料】
《高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜 为全面建设社会主义现代化国家而团结奋斗》是习近平代表中国共产党第十九届中央委员会于2022年10月16日在中国共产党第二十次全国代表大会上向大会所作的报告。
大会的主题是：高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，全面贯彻新时代中国特色社会主义思想，弘扬伟大建党精神，自信自强、守正创新，踔厉奋发、勇毅前行，为全面建设社会主义现代化国家、全面推进中华民族伟大复兴而团结奋斗。
【例句】
五年来，我们坚持加强党的全面领导和党中央集中统一领导，全力推进全面建成小康社会进程，完整、准确、全面贯彻新发展理念，着力推动高质量发展，主动构建新发展格局，蹄疾步稳推进改革，扎实推进全过程人民民主，全面推进依法治国，积极发展社会主义先进文化，突出保障和改善民生，集中力量实施脱贫攻坚战，大力推进生态文明建设，坚决维护国家安全，防范化解重大风险，保持社会大局稳定，大力度推进国防和军队现代化建设，全方位开展中国特色大国外交，全面推进党的建设新的伟大工程。我们隆重庆祝中国共产党成立一百周年、中华人民共和国成立七十周年，制定第三个历史决议，在全党开展党史学习教育，建成中国共产党历史展览馆，号召全党学习和践行伟大建党精神，在新的征程上更加坚定、更加自觉地牢记初心使命、开创美好未来。特别是面对突如其来的新冠肺炎疫情，我们坚持人民至上、生命至上，坚持外防输入、内防反弹，坚持动态清零不动摇，开展抗击疫情人民战争、总体战、阻击战，最大限度保护了人民生命安全和身体健康，统筹疫情防控和经济社会发展取得重大积极成果。面对香港局势动荡变化，我们依照宪法和基本法有效实施对特别行政区的全面管治权，制定实施香港特别行政区维护国家安全法，落实“爱国者治港”原则，香港局势实现由乱到治的重大转折，深入推进粤港澳大湾区建设，支持香港、澳门发展经济、改善民生、保持稳定。面对“台独”势力分裂活动和外部势力干涉台湾事务的严重挑衅，我们坚决开展反分裂、反干涉重大斗争，展示了我们维护国家主权和领土完整、反对“台独”的坚强决心和强大能力，进一步掌握了实现祖国完全统一的战略主动，进一步巩固了国际社会坚持一个中国的格局。面对国际局势急剧变化，特别是面对外部讹诈、遏制、封锁、极限施压，我们坚持国家利益为重、国内政治优先，保持战略定力，发扬斗争精神，展示不畏强权的坚定意志，在斗争中维护国家尊严和核心利益，牢牢掌握了我国发展和安全主动权。五年来，我们党团结带领人民，攻克了许多长期没有解决的难题，办成了许多事关长远的大事要事，推动党和国家事业取得举世瞩目的重大成就。
Over the past five years, we have continued to strengthen the overall leadership of the Party and the centralized, unified leadership of the Central Committee. We have devoted great energy to finishing building a moderately prosperous society in all respects. We have fully and faithfully applied the new development philosophy on all fronts, focused on promoting high-quality development, and worked to create a new pattern of development. We have pursued reform at a swift and steady pace, made solid progress in developing whole-process people’s democracy, and advanced law-based governance across all fields of endeavor. We have actively developed advanced socialist culture. We have ensured and improved public wellbeing as a matter of priority and pooled resources to wage a critical battle against poverty. We have made a big push to enhance ecological conservation. We have worked with firm resolve to safeguard national security, fended off and defused major risks, and ensured social stability. We have devoted great energy to modernizing our national defense and the armed forces. We have conducted major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics on all fronts. And we have made sweeping efforts to advance the great new project of Party building.
We celebrated the centenary of the Communist Party of China and the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China. We adopted the third resolution concerning the Party’s history, organized Party-wide activities to study Party history, and inaugurated the Museum of the Communist Party of China. We called upon all Party members to study and apply the great founding spirit of the Party, and we encouraged them to create a brighter future by staying true to the Party’s founding mission with greater resolve and purpose on the new journey ahead.
In responding to the sudden outbreak of Covid-19, we put the people and their lives above all else, worked to prevent both imported cases and domestic resurgences, and tenaciously pursued a dynamic zero-Covid policy. In launching an all-out people’s war to stop the spread of the virus, we have protected the people’s health and safety to the greatest extent possible and made tremendously encouraging achievements in both epidemic response and economic and social development.
In the face of turbulent developments in Hong Kong, the central government exercised its overall jurisdiction over the special administrative region as prescribed by China’s Constitution and the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. The Law on Safeguarding National Security in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region was formulated and put into effect, ensuring that Hong Kong is administered by patriots. Thanks to these moves, order has been restored in Hong Kong, marking a major turn for the better in the region. Further headway has been made in developing the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and supporting Hong Kong and Macao in growing their economies, improving living standards, and maintaining stability.
In response to separatist activities aimed at “Taiwan independence” and gross provocations of external interference in Taiwan affairs, we have resolutely fought against separatism and countered interference, demonstrating our resolve and ability to safeguard China’s sovereignty and territorial integrity and to oppose “Taiwan independence.” We have strengthened our strategic initiative for China’s complete reunification and consolidated commitment to the one-China principle within the international community.
Confronted with drastic changes in the international landscape, especially external attempts to blackmail, contain, blockade, and exert maximum pressure on China, we have put our national interests first, focused on internal political concerns, and maintained firm strategic resolve. We have shown a fighting spirit and a firm determination to never yield to coercive power. Throughout these endeavors, we have safeguarded China’s dignity and core interests and kept ourselves well-positioned for pursuing development and ensuring security.
Over the past five years, our Party has rallied the people and led them in solving a great number of problems that had long gone unsolved, securing many accomplishments that hold major future significance, and achieving impressive advances in the cause of the Party and the country.
同志们！十八大召开至今已经十年了。十年来，我们经历了对党和人民事业具有重大现实意义和深远历史意义的三件大事：一是迎来中国共产党成立一百周年，二是中国特色社会主义进入新时代，三是完成脱贫攻坚、全面建成小康社会的历史任务，实现第一个百年奋斗目标。这是中国共产党和中国人民团结奋斗赢得的历史性胜利，是彪炳中华民族发展史册的历史性胜利，也是对世界具有深远影响的历史性胜利。
Comrades,
Ten years have passed since the Party’s 18th National Congress. The past decade marked three major events of great immediate importance and profound historical significance for the cause of the Party and the people: We embraced the centenary of the Communist Party of China; we ushered in a new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics; and we eradicated absolute poverty and finished building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, thus completing the First Centenary Goal. These were historic feats – feats accomplished by the Communist Party of China and the Chinese people striving in unity, feats that will be forever recorded in the Chinese nation’s history, and feats that will profoundly influence the world.
十年前，我们面对的形势是，改革开放和社会主义现代化建设取得巨大成就，党的建设新的伟大工程取得显著成效，为我们继续前进奠定了坚实基础、创造了良好条件、提供了重要保障，同时一系列长期积累及新出现的突出矛盾和问题亟待解决。党内存在不少对坚持党的领导认识模糊、行动乏力问题，存在不少落实党的领导弱化、虚化、淡化问题，有些党员、干部政治信仰发生动摇，一些地方和部门形式主义、官僚主义、享乐主义和奢靡之风屡禁不止，特权思想和特权现象较为严重，一些贪腐问题触目惊心；经济结构性体制性矛盾突出，发展不平衡、不协调、不可持续，传统发展模式难以为继，一些深层次体制机制问题和利益固化藩篱日益显现；一些人对中国特色社会主义政治制度自信不足，有法不依、执法不严等问题严重存在；拜金主义、享乐主义、极端个人主义和历史虚无主义等错误思潮不时出现，网络舆论乱象丛生，严重影响人们思想和社会舆论环境；民生保障存在不少薄弱环节；资源环境约束趋紧、环境污染等问题突出；维护国家安全制度不完善、应对各种重大风险能力不强，国防和军队现代化存在不少短板弱项；香港、澳门落实“一国两制”的体制机制不健全；国家安全受到严峻挑战，等等。当时，党内和社会上不少人对党和国家前途忧心忡忡。面对这些影响党长期执政、国家长治久安、人民幸福安康的突出矛盾和问题，党中央审时度势、果敢抉择，锐意进取、攻坚克难，团结带领全党全军全国各族人民撸起袖子加油干、风雨无阻向前行，义无反顾进行具有许多新的历史特点的伟大斗争。
A decade ago, this was the situation we faced:
Great achievements had been secured in reform, opening up, and socialist modernization, and notable advances had been made in the great new project of Party building. All this had created solid foundations, favorable conditions, and key underpinnings for our continued progress.
At the same time, however, a number of prominent issues and problems – some of which had been building for years and others which were just emerging – demanded urgent action.
Inside the Party, there were many issues with respect to upholding the Party’s leadership, including a lack of clear understanding and effective action as well as a slide toward weak, hollow, and watered-down Party leadership in practice. Some Party members and officials were wavering in their political conviction. Despite repeated warnings, pointless formalities, bureaucratism, hedonism, and extravagance persisted in some localities and departments. Privilege-seeking mindsets and practices posed a serious problem, and some deeply shocking cases of corruption had been uncovered.
China’s economy was beset by acute structural and institutional problems. Development was imbalanced, uncoordinated, and unsustainable, and the traditional development model could no longer keep us moving forward. Some deep-seated problems in institutions and barriers built by vested interests were becoming more and more apparent.
Some people lacked confidence in the socialist political system with Chinese characteristics, and, all too often, we saw laws being ignored or not being strictly enforced.
Misguided patterns of thinking such as money worship, hedonism, egocentricity, and historical nihilism were common, and online discourse was rife with disorder. All this had a grave impact on people’s thinking and the public opinion environment.
Our work to ensure the people’s wellbeing was fraught with weak links. Tightening resource and environmental constraints and environmental pollution were pronounced.
The systems for safeguarding national security were inadequate, and our capacity for responding to various major risks was insufficient. Many shortcomings were affecting the modernization of national defense and the military.
The institutions and mechanisms for implementing the policy of One Country, Two Systems in Hong Kong and Macao were not well-developed, and China faced grave challenges to its national security.
These were just some of the problems we faced. Back then, many people, both in and outside of our Party, were worried about the future of the Party and the country.
In the face of these acute problems and challenges, which undermined the Party’s long-term governance, the security and stability of the country, and the well-being of the people, the Party Central Committee fully assessed the situation, made resolute decisions, and took firm steps. Under its leadership, the entire Party, the military, and the Chinese people were brought together. We rolled up our sleeves and got down to work, forging ahead with resolve to carry out a great struggle with many new features of our times.
【词汇拓展】
蹄疾步稳
at a swift and steady pace
外防输入、内防反弹
prevent both imported cases and domestic resurgences
坚持动态清零不动摇
tenaciously pursued a dynamic zero-Covid policy
进入新时代
ushered in a new era
官僚主义
Bureaucratism
享乐主义
Hedonism
奢靡之风
Extravagance
讹诈、遏制、封锁、极限施压
blackmail, contain, blockade, and exert maximum pressure
（来源：新华网、译世界）
撰稿：丁楠