每周一词第189期—疫苗加强针

Word of the Week--- Booster dose/shot of vaccine

【词义解释】

所谓疫苗加强针（booster shot/booster dose of vaccine），是指在完成疫苗接种(administration）后，根据抗体(antibody)消退的情况进行补充接种，保持人体对病毒免疫力(immunity)的疫苗剂次。疫苗加强针翻译成booster dose/shot of vaccine这里的核心词booster，来源于动词boost，主要表示“加强、促进、推动”等意思，比如boost production（促生产），boost morale（提振士气）等，在这里表示“increase or renew the effect of the vaccine”，即“增强疫苗产生的效果”。

【背景介绍】

近期，国内部分地区报告新冠肺炎散发病例，广东、浙江及河南省将从本月起开始新冠疫苗加强针接种工作，以加强民众的免疫力。第三针接种将面向已完成两剂次灭活疫苗接种6个月以上的18-59岁人群。

Guangdong, Zhejiang and Henan provinces will start administering booster doses of vaccine to residents this month to strengthen their immunity to COVID-19 as sporadic outbreaks are reported in some parts of China. Those targeted for a third dose are people aged 18 to 59 who received two doses of inactivated coronavirus vaccine at least six months ago, authorities said.

广东省汕尾市卫健部门9月23日表示，将面向一线医疗卫生人员，政府机关、执法部门、公共服务、海关、口岸、冷链等行业工作人员，以及出国工作学习人员等重点人群开展加强针接种。

The city health commission in Shanwei, Guangdong province, said on August 23rd that priority for the booster shot will be given to front-line personnel at medical institutions and workers in government departments, law enforcement, public services, customs, border ports, harbors, the cold-chain industry and those who want to study or work abroad.

研究发现，接种疫苗第二剂后6个月再接种一剂，抗体水平增幅达到十多倍。 接种后，再过6个月还能维持在比较高的水平。

Research has shown that a person's antibody level will be increased more than tenfold if a third dose of vaccine is given more than six months after the second, and that immunity will be maintained at a relatively high level for another six months.

【关联词汇】

免疫屏障
immunity barrier

有效性和安全性研究
safety and efficacy research

常态化疫情防控
regular epidemic prevention and control

输入病例
imported COVID-19 cases

本土病例
locally transmitted cases

无症状感染者
asymptomatic cases

传染病检疫及监测
quarantining and monitoring of infectious diseases

流行病学调查
epidemiological investigation

集中观察
concentrated observation

外防输入、内防反弹
to prevent the coronavirus from re-entering the country to cause a new epidemic

早发现、早报告、早隔离、早治疗“四早”措施
the principle of early detection, reporting, quarantine and treatment

撰稿：衡飞